Foreword
Incredible, but true is the fact, that the evolutionary development of Ginkgo can be traced, although sometimes without the consensus of scientists but primarily due to a lack of evidence, in staggering 300 million years. So nearly 10% of the total age of our planet today, which is estimated at slightly more than 4 billion years. This can not be said for any other living plant species.
Various climate change, natural disasters and many other things from the past
have lead to the fact only one species of plants managed to survive and it is Ginkgo biloba, which had through overall period of its existence a whole lot of further and closest relatives and almost envious number of members of which most them are extinct.
Therefore, in this part we will attempt to form a clearer view in that part of the
history of Ginkgo's ancestors and relatives, which is based solely on fossilized remains and today, scattered almost all over the World.
Ginkgo's ancestors lived in the period before the famous extinct animal species, such as dinosaurs. They lived in community with them, and they live after a dinosaurs as well.
Incredible, but true is the fact, that the evolutionary development of Ginkgo can be traced, although sometimes without the consensus of scientists but primarily due to a lack of evidence, in staggering 300 million years. So nearly 10% of the total age of our planet today, which is estimated at slightly more than 4 billion years. This can not be said for any other living plant species.
Various climate change, natural disasters and many other things from the past
have lead to the fact only one species of plants managed to survive and it is Ginkgo biloba, which had through overall period of its existence a whole lot of further and closest relatives and almost envious number of members of which most them are extinct.
Therefore, in this part we will attempt to form a clearer view in that part of the
history of Ginkgo's ancestors and relatives, which is based solely on fossilized remains and today, scattered almost all over the World.
Ginkgo's ancestors lived in the period before the famous extinct animal species, such as dinosaurs. They lived in community with them, and they live after a dinosaurs as well.
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Source: B.M. Begović Bego, "Nature's Miracle Ginkgo biloba", Book 1, Vol 1-2. |
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| Table: geologic eras and periods in which it has grown and flourished life of Ginkgophytalean plants. Source: B.M. Begović Bego, "Nature's Miracle Ginkgo biloba", Book 1, Vol 1-2. |
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| Schematic drawings showing diversity of Ginkgoalean ovulate organs. (A) Trichopitys Florin; (B) Karkenia Archangelsky; (C) Toretzia Stanislavsky; (D) Umaltolepis; (E) Yimaia Zhou et Zhang; (F) Grenana Samylina; (G) Nehvizdyella Kvacek, Falcon-Lang et Dašková; (H) Ginkgo L. (Jurassic species) (based on Florin, 1949; Archangelsky, 1965; Krassilov, 1972; Stanislavsky, 1973; Zhou and Zhang, 1989, 1992; Samylina, 1990; Kvacek et al., 2005). |
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| Trichopitys heteromorpha. Up: fantastic photo-digital reconstruction by (Japan). Below: graphic reconstruction. This reconstruction is approximate. Studio SHIFT Chihiro Suzuki Photo (The reconstruction of Trichopitys is problematic and very curious!) Source: B.M. Begović Bego, "Nature's Miracle Ginkgo biloba", Book 1, Vol 1-2. Down: Trichopitys heteromorpha (rec.) Source: B.M. Begović Bego, "Nature's Miracle Ginkgo biloba", Book 1, Vol 1-2. |
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| Trichopitys heteromorpha. The fossil was found in southern France. Permian Period. - = 1 cm. The arrow shows ovulating organs. |
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| Black / white reconstruction Ginkgo yimaensis. |
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| Schematic drawing showing radiation of the different lineages of Ginkgoaleans from the archetype Trichopitys. Source: B.M. Begović Bego, "Nature's Miracle Ginkgo biloba", Book 1, Vol 1-2. |
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| Prevalence division Ginkgophyta in Triassic Period - cca 210 million years ago. 1-4: Red land is Scandinavia & blue is Greenland = landmark. Prevalence Ginkgophytalean plant (transparent sequences) 1. Jurassic Period 160 mill. years ago, 2. Cretaceous 85 mill. y. ago, 3. Eocene 40 mill. y. ago, 4. Neogene 7 mill. y. ago (cca). - Source: B.M. Begović Bego, "Nature's Miracle Ginkgo biloba", Book 1, Vol 1-2. |
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| Overall diversity changes of Ginkgoalean genera and morphogenera through geological ages in the world. |
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| Table: the existence of genus Ginkgo (Permian > Neogen). Source: B.M. Begović Bego, "Nature's Miracle Ginkgo biloba", Book 1, Vol 1-2. |
Evolution of Ginkgo biloba. Graphic (approximately) reconstruction G. yimaensis, G. apodes, G. adiantoides (G. cranii) and G. biloba (today). (Recon. B. M. Begović Bego - Z. Zhou, 2010/2011) - Source: B.M. Begović Bego, "Nature's Miracle Ginkgo biloba", Book 1, Vol 1-2.
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